Alexandria Hall Essays (1739 words) - Literature, Bloomsbury Group

Alexandria Hall Maryann Hofmann ENGL 2070 16 November 2016 Rhetorical Contributions of Virginia Woolf "Every secret of a writer's soul, every experience of his life, every quality of his min d is written large in his works " ( Virginia Woolf, 1928 ). When Virginia Woolf made this powerful claim, she allowed an insightful glance into the many ways in which her works were inter weaved with secrets of her own . Many of her essays and short stories depict Woolf's childhood traumas, reveal her psychological instability, and expose her feminist ideologie s . Fu rthermore, Woolf's writings displayed her daringness to diverge from classic literature and establish a style of her own, one with melancholy undertones and a postmodernist flair. Postmodernism is a style of writing that emerged after World War II, when much of the world was changing and literature followed suit ( Holmesland 67) . Postmodern literature is known for its incorporation of a variety of stylistic devices that include fragmentation , m aximal ism , and magical realism ( Holmesland 18) . Woolf incorporates her most personal memories and experiences with these different devices throughout nearly all of her works. Perhaps this skillful integration is what makes reading her literatur e such an impactful experience. Altogether, Woolf's readings have had a profound impact on the way that these postmodern devices are used in rhetorical theory and have given her audience a glimpse into the darkness of her past. On January 2 5, 1882, in Kensington, London , Virginia Woolf (then Virginia Stephen ) was born into a n upper-class , well-educated family . Her father, Leslie Stephen , and her mother, Julia Pr insep Duckworth Steph en, raised Woolf and her seven other siblings in a narrow t ownhome on 22 Hyde Parke Gate. Both t he addres s and the home itself are well distinguished because Woolf often used the m as an authentic setting to her stories ; in one of her most renowned short stories A S ketch of the Past , Woolf explicit recounts the tragedies she was forced to endure during her time in the home. Painfully, Woolf invites her readers into the murkiest, most vulnerable depths of her heartache by sharing the details of the heartbreaking molestation that her brothers inflicted upon her as a child. Though she was far too young to grasp the concept of what had been happening to her, Woolf held onto the memo ries and, as she emerged into adulthood, stood by as these grudges overtook her and spiraled into severe depression and life-threatening psychological illnesses that haunted her for her entire life. Woolf was institutionalized on more than one occasion because of the severity of her illness. Despite these insufferable burdens , Woolf did her best to maintain her academic regimen. She continued on to study German, Greek, and Latin at the Ladies' Department of King's College. She even began working for a well-known newspaper The Times Literary Supplement . She built upon this success but struggled to maintain a firm grasp on her sanity. As she worked to restore her mental health, she met a man named Leonard Woolf through mutual friends of theirs . The two quickly sparked an interest in one another and, before long, Leonard decided to propose to her. They were officially m arried in 1910 and Virginia picked up her iconic new last name . Despite all of these positive, life-changing advancements in Woolf's career and in her life overall , she continued to spiral into her illness and depression. The pessimism eventually consumed her; she felt so desperately entangled within her memories of the past and her anxieties of the future that she was entirely incapable of having any bl iss. After fifty-nine years of hardship , Woolf could no longer bear the immense weight of all the sorrow, heartbreak, uncertainty , and betrayal. Instead of facing another day, she slipped on her wool coat and took a walk around a lake near her home. Her face somber, she trudged around the lake, collecting large stones and adding each one to her pockets. Her pockets now heavily weighed down, Woolf walked into the lake without looking back at the grueling

Free Essays on Television Violence

â€Å"Monkey see, monkey do† has become a well-known saying in today’s modern, media-warped society, but is it correct? What has the world come to these days? It often seems like that everywhere one looks, violence rears its ugly head. We see it in the streets, back alleys, school, and even at home. The last of these, our homes, is a major source of violence. In many living rooms, there sits an outlet for violence that often goes unnoticed. It is the television. The people who view it are often pulled into its realistic world of violent scenes with sometimes devastating results. Much research has gone into showing why our society is so mesmerized by this glowing box and the action that takes place within it. Only a mere sixty years ago the invention of the television was viewed as a technological breakthrough with black and white ghost-like figures on the screen so small, hardly anyone could see them. Today that curiosity has become a constant companion to 90% of the American population (Sherrow 26), mainly, children and teenagers. Unfortunately, it is these violent programs that are endangering our present-day society. Violent images on television, as well as in the movies, have inspired people to set spouses on fire in their beds, lie down in the middle of highways, extort money by placing bombs in airplanes, rape, steal, murder, and commit numerous other shootings and assaults. (Brown 78) Most of what is broadcast or transmitted, even in the news, today is with reference to the chaotic condition of our planet. The more atrocious the event, the more publicity it receives. â€Å"The average American child will witness†¦200,000 acts of media violence by the time that child graduates from high school.† (Sherrow 6) â€Å"Children have never been very good at listening to their elders,† James Baldwin wrote in Nobody Knows my Name. â€Å"But they have never failed to imitate them.† (Sherrow 56) This basic truth has all bu... Free Essays on Television Violence Free Essays on Television Violence â€Å"Monkey see, monkey do† has become a well-known saying in today’s modern, media-warped society, but is it correct? What has the world come to these days? It often seems like that everywhere one looks, violence rears its ugly head. We see it in the streets, back alleys, school, and even at home. The last of these, our homes, is a major source of violence. In many living rooms, there sits an outlet for violence that often goes unnoticed. It is the television. The people who view it are often pulled into its realistic world of violent scenes with sometimes devastating results. Much research has gone into showing why our society is so mesmerized by this glowing box and the action that takes place within it. Only a mere sixty years ago the invention of the television was viewed as a technological breakthrough with black and white ghost-like figures on the screen so small, hardly anyone could see them. Today that curiosity has become a constant companion to 90% of the American population (Sherrow 26), mainly, children and teenagers. Unfortunately, it is these violent programs that are endangering our present-day society. Violent images on television, as well as in the movies, have inspired people to set spouses on fire in their beds, lie down in the middle of highways, extort money by placing bombs in airplanes, rape, steal, murder, and commit numerous other shootings and assaults. (Brown 78) Most of what is broadcast or transmitted, even in the news, today is with reference to the chaotic condition of our planet. The more atrocious the event, the more publicity it receives. â€Å"The average American child will witness†¦200,000 acts of media violence by the time that child graduates from high school.† (Sherrow 6) â€Å"Children have never been very good at listening to their elders,† James Baldwin wrote in Nobody Knows my Name. â€Å"But they have never failed to imitate them.† (Sherrow 56) This basic truth has all bu...

Marketing str for import American Hot dog into UK Essay

Marketing str for import American Hot dog into UK - Essay Example The business has been recommended to follow cost leadership strategy in order to implement the growth strategy of market extension. Finally a proper marketing mix has been suggested to the company in order to achieve competitive advantage in UK fast food industry. Introduction The project deals with the introduction of the American Hot Dog Cart in the United Kingdom. It will also reflect the plans for implementing the strategies, promoting the products in the new market and driving the sales. The American hot dog carts provide quality hot dogs in the most reasonable prices. The carts are good quality gastronomic equipments designed in the best way to attract and serve the customers with best hot dogs. These light weight carts are easy to be moved from one place to another and facilitate serving multiple locations in a short period of time. These carts supply food to a large number of people every day. The high demand of hot dog in America drives this business due to the attractive pr ice offerings. Porter’s Five Forces Analysis United Kingdom is the country having the highest consumption of fast food in the world. The country possesses different cultures which has a huge impact on the success of the fast food industry there. Porter’s five forces analysis will help to analyse the structure of this industry. (Source: Larsen, 2009) Bargaining power of buyers There is a popularity of hot dog among maximum consumers in the country. There are many companies offering hot dog in the fast food industry. These companies make huge investments for the promotion of their brands. The availability of this product by a large number of companies has strengthened the bargaining power of the buyers. The buying power is also strengthened because of the insignificant switching costs. Thus the bargaining power of the buyers is high. Bargaining power of suppliers The supplier of a business is an important element of its ability (Ahlstorm and Bruton, 2009). An important i nput required in the fast food industry is the supply of food. The food supply market in UK is concentrated. The suppliers of raw meat, farmers etc. are the main suppliers in this industry. These suppliers have reduced their dependency on the fast food companies because of the availability of other kinds of profit seeking food service customers. It is very significant for the fast food companies offering hot dogs to maintain their existing suppliers as they offer good quality marketable food at low cost. This increases the supplier power in UK market. Thus the bargaining power of suppliers is very high. Threat of new entrants The legal framework in the UK provides barrier to the new entry to some extent. However, this kind of barrier to the new entrants is limited to a particular extent. It becomes very difficult for a new entrant to make profit in the fast food industry and perform well initially because of low consumer loyalty and the barriers to the entry in the industry. The cos t related to the setting up of a new chain the market is low and in the recent years there have been many new entrants. This is a serious threat to the existing players in the industry. Thus the threat of new entrant is high. Threat of substitutes The substitutes of fast food products like hot

Peachtree summize Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Peachtree summize - Essay Example The current pressure stems from standardization in other sectors such as banking that cannot be fully afforded to more critical areas like healthcare without great thought. Moreover, recent failures at new Peachtree Healthcare acquisitions are pressuring management to go for an overhaul of the current IT infrastructure. Change of Opinion Before looking into the commentaries, I was more focused on the technical aspect of the problem with regards to implementing either SOA or a monolithic system. The human aspect of the problem as advocated by Kastor was not under consideration while framing recommendations. Moreover, my approach to problem solving for Peachtree Healthcare was more dependent on deriving a fitting monolithic, SOA or hybrid monolithic SOA framework for Peachtree Healthcare but as advocated by Halvorson, such a resolution would not be possible without considering the objectives that require achievement. Creating and maintaining an effective corporate strategy requires tha t objectives are taken into primary focus before any other implementations are considered (Johnson, Scholes, & Whittington, 2008). Ranking Commentator Opinions George C. Halvorson Paul Lefler’s standardization approach will not be able to deliver results for all parts of the healthcare sector in the case of Peachtree Healthcare. ... Another notable aspect of Halvorson’s approach is his critique on trying to use tools without realizing what objectives require achievement. In this respect, Halvorson is totally justified in commenting that Peachtree Healthcare should tabulate its needs and requirements and should then proceed to procure fitting tools. Monte Ford Ford essentially raises an important point and then fails to see through it – risk management. Ford suggests that Peachtree Healthcare should tabulate the available risk but this is not really possible given the eclectic nature of operations at any healthcare institution. He further suggests that Peachtree Healthcare should follow Candace’s opinion of implementing a â€Å"modular SOA† structure (Glaser, 2007) while keeping in mind areas where such a solution would work and where it would not. Again, the recommendation provided by Ford is largely vague and unrealizable since risk tabulation for what would work and what would not w ork requires taking risks that might entail patient’s lives. Providing analogies for an airline reservation system and a clinic’s basic systems is also illogical since clinical operations are too varied to be standardized this simply. For example, a patient requiring treatment for a common cold would differ significantly from a patient requiring treatment for tuberculosis. Randy Heffner Randy Heffner’s ideas are best summarized by his last line in the commentary when he states that Candace should â€Å"redo her decision analysis and strategy planning, looking at SOA through a business lens† (Glaser, 2007). Heffner is right at declaring the rising popularity and efficacy of SOA but

Core Values in International Relations and Their Application in the Essay

Core Values in International Relations and Their Application in the Kigndom of Saudi Arabia - Essay Example The researcher states that international relations can be referred to the field of public policy and academy, which in this case, can be normative or positive. This field makes an analysis and formulation of different foreign policies for various countries. Being a political activity, the practice traces its origin back to the times of Thucydides, a Greek historian (460-395 BC). At the beginning go of the 20th century, international relations became an important and discrete academic sector in political science. In general, it is important to realize that international relations have become an important interdisciplinary field that people go to study in colleges, universities and other institutions of higher learning. Apart from the field of political science, international relations derive its intellectual materials from various other fields like history, technology, philosophy, geography and international law among many others. The particular scope of the field of international rel ations understands such issues as ecological sustainability, nuclear proliferation, nationalism, international security, human rights among other important fields. International relations traces its history from many centuries ago; for instance, Buzan and Little Richard are believed to have considered the interactions in many of the ancient city-states of Sumeria as a form of fully-fledged and operational international relations. These interactions are believed to have started taking place around 3500 BC. When based on sovereign states, the history regarding international relations can be followed back to the time of Westphalia in 1648. During this time, it is believed that the development of international relations was a major stepping-stone towards the development of the current state systems. Before this particular development, organizations in political authorities in the European medieval period were depended on some kind of vaguely developed hierarchical religious orders.

Catholic Views on Social Issues

Catholic Views on Social Issues â€Å"Religion is the set beliefs, feelings, dogmas and practices that define the relations between human being and sacred or divinity† (Green, 1962, pg. 1). Religion is a way for people to have a strong confidence in something greater than themselves. Religion also brings unity to communities by creating stability and order. On the other hand, some critics may argue that religion creates more conflict than resolution, due to corruption and contradiction. Religion can be defined in three characteristics: Believes and religious practices, the religious feeling (such as faith), and unity in a community of those who share the same faith (such as the Church)† (Green, 1962, pg. 1). Thus, this essay will discuss the changing nature and views of Catholicism on social justice issues such as reproduction, crime and punishment, and same-sex marriage. This essay will argue that Catholicism has now taken a more flexible approach to social justice issues in comparison to how Catholic ism was practiced earlier. Many social theorists of the past have seen the diminishment of religion as imminent and desirable (Mainwaring, 1986). For instance, in 1830, Ludwig Feuerbach dismissed religion as a projection, and deemed that it would not last long. At the same time, Marx agreed with this assessment and believed that religion was an ideological mystification that created a divide between the bourgeoisie and the rest of the classes (Mainwaring, 1986). In a study conducted by Cook (1993) and associates, a state exit poll was conducted in 1990 to determine whether Roman Catholicism affects abortion attitudes. The individual-level effects in which the Church socializes individual members was compared alongside contextual effects, in which the Church affects abortion attitudes by altering the terms of the debate outside the Church’s membership (Cook et al., 1993, p. 223). Both effects were found to be statistically significant (the effects were reliable), although the contextual effects of Catholicism were negative (Cook et al., 1993, p. 223). This part of the study suggested that the Catholic Church is affective in teaching anti-abortion attitudes to its members, but that a strong Catholic presence in a state influences citizens in a counter mobilization way, on the part of non-Catholics (Cook et al., 1993, p. 223). Oliver (2008) makes an excellent point in understanding the relationship between the Catholic Church and social justice. For instance, Oliver (2008) states that in order to have a deeper understanding of the Catholic perspective of crime and criminal justice, one must have an understanding of the central concept that lies at the heart of the criminal justice system (p. 3). For instance, there is a human desire for justice. In Catholicism, there are those who are religious that seek justice in the world so that God’s will is done on earth. There are also a set group of people who profess no religion that seek justice through the court system based on the rule of law.[1] Oliver (2008, p. 223) also points out that in the mid-1800’s, the Catholic Church had prodded the medical community to prevent midwives and rogue doctors from performing abortions. Further, the Catholic Church drew upon the fact that abortion was immoral, and thus both the Catholic Church and many physicians argued that the health of the woman was put at risk (Oliver, 2008, p. 223). However, as awareness regarding abortions grew and as time went on, there were changing attitudes towards abortion. For instance, doctors claimed that they should be the only ones to carry out abortions (although they were the same doctors that felt it was morally wrong), and the American Medical Association began to hold the reigns of the issues of abortion more so than the Catholic Church. Thus, since the topic of abortion is a social justice issue in which Catholic views on the issues have been changing as opposed to stagnant, this supports the thesis that Catholic standpoints are becoming less stringent than they were previously. The other issue related to the social justice topic of abortion is the topic of justice in and of itself. Justice in the Catholic faith brings in another perspective. From the Catholic standpoint, justice is based on the word of God, the teaching of Jesus Christ, and the Traditions of the Roman Catholic Church (Oliver, 2008, p. 4). Moreover, in American penal organizations, Post-revolutionary Catholicism favoured a democratic model of authority, local autonomy, and the separation of the Church and the state (Stotnicki, 2013, p. 83). In other words, a congregational pattern of church polity was regarded as the most acceptable model of the prison system (Stotnick, 2013, p. 83). Thus, this points to a symbiotic relationship between Catholicism and the criminal justice system in which Catholicism worked hand-in-hand with social justice, and in some cases, removing signs of religion from within the system to maintain the justice system’s autonomy. However, in 1973 an event in New Y ork changed the landscape in which Catholic teachings would be allowed in the penal system. For instance, in 1973, the United States Catholic Conference (USCC) published a Reform paper on Correctional Institutions in the 70s and claimed that certain practices they were proponents of, decreased recidivism rates, while results showed the opposite-that recidivism rates increased with such practices (Stotnicki, 2013, p. 84). The other issues with the paper were that the paper called for rehabilitation without defining what it meant by the term and what goals would be accomplished (Ibid., p. 84). Lastly, the paper called for alternatives to prison, without giving examples of such alternatives (Ibid., p. 84). Furthermore, Stotnicki (2013) argues that the concept of deterrence does not fit in with the Catholic religion. Thus, this could point to delineation where the Catholic tradition had less of an impact on the penal system than it did in previous decades. A principle component of Catholicism and the criminal justice system is that incapacitation should be used to reshape the beneficent values of a market economy on a case-by-case basis (Stotnicki, 2013). What is interesting about trends in social justice and Catholicism is that in a Gallup poll conducted in 2004, 71% of Protestants and 66% of Catholics support the use of capital punishment (Stotnicki, 2012). Although this poll was taken over 10 years ago, what is interesting is that capital punishment is not in line with the New Testament although arguably, it is an Old Testament principle; this is fodder against the argument that Catholicism has not taken a flexible approach in comparison to earlier years if the Gallup poll is anything to go by. On the other hand, opinions (particularly with people that identify as Catholic) might be changing in as fast as 10 years. The last issue that warrants mention on the topic of Catholicism and social justice is the topic of same-sex marriages. The topic of same-sex marriage is a social justice issue because it is an issue which affects a large segment of the population and it is a contentious issue which has sparked debate over the last few decades in Western society. For instance, Dempsey (2008) demonstrates that the Catholic Church holds the view that circumstances may increase the culpability of a person to engage in homosexual acts (p. 77). Furthermore, Dempsey (2008) points out that Catholics believe that respect for the basic human dignity of the homosexual entails respect for his ability to cooperate freely with God’s grace in turning from evil ways and embracing a chaste life in Christian love (Ibid., p. 77). The Catholic Church affirms the natural law and Christian vision of marriage as the loving and life-giving union of a man and a woman (Dempsey, 2008, p.77). Furthermore, the Catholic C ongregation beliefs that â€Å"a person engaging in homosexual behaviour therefore acts immorally.† (Ibid., p. 77). The Catholic teaching then tries to take a scientific spin on the union of marriage by arguing that homosexual activity is not a complimentary union, able to transmit life, and so it halts the call to life and thus of self-giving, in which the Gospel claims is the essence of Christian living. Thus, the Catholic Church tries to use morality and science to argue against the notion of same-sex marriages. On one hand, the Catholic Church respects homosexuals as people, yet on the other hand, part of the statement calls such acts â€Å"evil† and invites the â€Å"evil-doer† to embrace a chaste life in Christian love. Thus, in this regard, the Catholic Church still has a long ways to go before it deals wholly with the issues of same-sex marriage and homosexuality. Having said that, in an interview with Pope Francis in the summer of 2013, the Pope stated that while homosexual acts were sinful, homosexual orientation was not.[2] This shift in attitude although still stringent but making some leeway towards homosexuality, demonstrates that there has been a change to views on homosexuality as the world becomes more global and accepting of same-sex marriages. The other reason why the topic of same-sex marriage is a social justice issue is because it has been an issue that has seen the inside of courtrooms throughout historical debate. For instance, Olson and associates (2006) argue that public opinion has had a major impact on same-sex marriage discourse. Furthermore, Canadian cases like M. v. H. [1999] has provided awareness to the cause of same sex-marriages. In the case of M.v.H, the Supreme Court of Canada ordered Ontario to amend its definition of family to include cohabitation of partners (whether male or female). Thus, in this case, lesbian and gay couples were given the same rights and responsibilities that married, opposite-sex couples traditionally have. Further to Olson and associates’ (2006, p. 342) study, while Americans have become less willing to restrict the civil rights of gays and lesbians, religion has been seen as a sometimes ambiguous influence on the opinions on homosexuality. Once again, these findings indicate that there have been small steps in Catholic opinions on homosexuality and same sex marriage. Conclusion Skotnicki (2013) argues that the Catholic Church plays a limited role in determining American correctional policy due to a failure at variance with significant developments in its own history (p.1). Skotnicki’s (2013) statement points to either a reform in Catholic policies in order to co-exist in the changing times, or more flexibility in its outlook on criminal justice practices. In critiquing the effect that Catholicism has had in the criminal justice system, Stotnicki (2013) further argues that while the prison system needs a clear system of why it has the right to punish- not in terms of vengeance of self-interest, but in terms of human life and human community, the Catholic Church has failed to provide significant help in addressing the crisis of punishment and reoffending. What is clear is that the Catholic Church’s landscape is changing. For instance, Curran (2010) states that the understanding of the Church (ecclesiology) is changing, the sociological relations hip of the Catholic Church to U.S. Society is changing, and the circumstances affecting social justice, along with Catholicism, are changing in the United States. With these changes, the social mission of the Church is also changing, thus allowing for more flexible practices in social justice and social tolerance. References Cook, A.E., Jelen, G.T., Wilcox, C. (1993). Catholicism and Abortion: Attitudes in the American  States: A Contextual Analysis. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 32(3), 223-230. Curran, E. C. (2010). The Social Mission of the U.S. Catholic Church: A Theological  Perspective. (Washington: Georgetown University Press). Dempsey, J, R. (2008). The Catholic Church’s teaching about Same-Sex Marriage. The Linacre  Quarterly, Volume 75. Graham, G. (1962). The Power and the Glory. (UK: Penguin Books).   M.v.H. [1999] 2. S.C.R. 3. Mainwaring, S. (1986). The Catholic Church and Politics in Brazil, 1910-1985. (CA: Stanford  University Press). Oliver, M. W. (2008 ). Catholic Perspectives on Crime and Criminal Justice. (MD: Lexington  Books). Olson, L, R., Cadge, W., Harrison, T. J. (2006). Religion and Public Opinion about same-sex  Marriage. Social Science Quarterly 87(2). Pope Francis: Who am I to judge gay people? BBC News. 29 July 2013. Retrieved 26 March  2015 from http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-23489702 Skotnicki, A. (2012). The Last Judgment: Christian Ethics in a Legal Culture. (Vermont:  Ashgate Publishing Company). Skotnicki, A. (2013). The U.S. Catholic Church and Criminal Justice. New Theology Review. [1] It is arguable that the doctrine of the Rule of Law has religious underpinnings. [2] Statement taken from an interview conducted with Pope Francis. Interview Retrieved from BBC News on March 26th 2015 from http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-23489702

The Use of Satire in Gullivers Travels Essay -- Literary Analysis

Satire is a literary work that uses humor, hyperbole, and derision to ridicule the human behaviors and customs. Rather than being judgmental, many writers utilize satire to convey their innovative ideas to change certain aspects of society. From the many writers that used satire to condemn the actions of society, Jonathan Swift's, Gulliver's travels, stands as one of the best satirical work in human history. Published in 1726, Gulliver's travels is an adventure of Lemuel Gulliver whose voyage turns into a series of disasters to various strange islands where he lives with humans and animals of various sizes, behaviors, and philosophies. Through the usage of extended metaphor and symbolism, Swift brings to light numerous religious and political follies of 18th century English society through the characterizations of the Lilliputians. Lemuel Gulliver is the third son of his father. He was born in the peaceful county of Nottinghamshire, where he attended post-secondary school at Emanuel College. He became an English surgeon after attending medical school at the prestigious University of Leiden. Even though, Gulliver is a smart man, he is without a doubt gullible. He has a simplistic unbiased view of the world. He believes everyone is just as honest and modest as he is while in reality the world is full of corrupted individuals. After University, Gulliver sets out to be a voyager. In his most significant voyage, he travels as a surgeon on the merchant ship, Antelope. While in sea, a catastrophic storm devastates the ship causing the crewmembers to die. Subsequently, Gulliver washes up on the shores of Lilliput as the only survivor from the Antelope. After waking up from his tribulation, he finds that he is captured and tied down... ...he egg breaking ceremony to emphasize the absurdity of any religious war."(Downie) Throughout the book, Swift's usage of satire brings to light how in the 18th and 19th century the English society was morally, socially, and politically corrupted. Swift makes it clear that every normal person wants to be concerned with honor, gratitude, common sense, and kindness, but on the contrary human intentions are always strayed into a wrong path. Works Cited Swift, Jonathan, and Alfred Bradly Gough. Gulliver's Travels;. Oxford [Eng.: Clarendon, 1915. Print. Soens, Lewis A. Gulliver's Satire. Google Books. Web. 02 Apr. 2012. . Ewald, Wiliam Bragg. The masks of Jonathan Swift. Oxford, Great Britain: Basil Blackwell, 1954. Downie, J.A Jonathan Swift: Political writer. London Routledge and kegan Paul, 1984

Franklin D. Roosevelt and John F. Kennedy’s Inaugural Speeches Essay

Thesis: Though they might be similar, the differences are of the utmost importance, the circumstances of each of their times, the changes in audience, and the purpose of their speeches. Needs Inprovement on: Machanics- grammer,punctuation, spelling Style – word choice, formality, sentence structure â€Å"The only thing we have to fear†¦ is fear it self†¦Ã¢â‚¬ and â€Å"Ask not what your country can do for you†¦ ask what you can do for your country.† Two of the most influential quotes of the twentieth century taken from their inaugural speeches, as they were about to embark on the Presidency of the United States of America. Former President Franklin D. Roosevelt voiced the first passage on March 4th, 1933 and late President John F. Kennedy voiced the second passage on January 20th, 1961. Both inaugural speeches came at important times during American History and both share similarities and differences. Though they might be similar, the differences are of the utmost importance, the circumstances of each of their times, the changes in audience, and the purpose of their speeches. Each can be interpreted it’s own manner in which they are. To start off, each speech is presented under different circumstances during American history. Franklin D. Roosevelt is dealing with the depression of the United States. His speech comes at a time when taxes have risen, the ability to pay has fallen, and not only is the American government faced with restriction of income, but governments around the world as well. He speaks of how many farmers can’t seem to find a market for their produce and how the savings of thousands of families have vanished. Most important of all he mentions a host of unemployed citizens faced with a life and death state of affairs due to the present economical situation. His presidency therefore faces very depressing circumstances throughout this time. John F. Kennedy, at his preset time is dealing with the Cold War and other war like adversaries. He aims at letting the entire planet know that the United States has the power to abolish all forms of human poverty and all forms of human life. Either they can friend or foe; the choice is up to them. He talks about how it doesn’t matter whether nations are with us or against us the goal is still the same, liberty. He pledges loyalty to faithful allies and requests a quest for peace from the opposition before another war begins. The circumstances at this time are crucial and his position is that mankind should face them together. The audience has a decisive part during these significant times. Roosevelt’s audience is hunger, tiered, and begging for change. Roosevelt recognizes these things and he thanks God that it is only material thing such as money, and residences that are effecting the nation instead of plagues and famine that could destroy our way of life. He speaks to the people with sympathy yet with the confidence that everything will be all right. That the dark days will be worth all they cost and that it will teach us that we will change the situation for the better and not for the worst. The citizens then have something to look forward to and that there will be work again in the near future. In the case of Kennedy his audience is the whole world. He lets them know that America means business. He speaks with enthusiasm that we are not afraid of defending our country and by no means are we going to back down. He feels that we should be fighting with our real foes; tyranny, poverty, disease and war itself. There should be no fighting for ideas such as communism. The world should take the same high standards of strength and sacrifice that Americans so proudly fight for and fight themselves. Kennedy’s audience is more focused on the resolution of peace than fighting another war. Purpose, together these speeches have a common purpose, to motivate. However there is a distinction in Roosevelt’s speech, his main purpose is to motivate the country into employment, there by creating job opportunities.  He affirms that it is not an impossible problem and the government can deal with it with by accomplishing greatly needed projects to stimulate and reorganize the use of national resources. He expresses this through out most of his speech. Giving motivation to keep on living, for there will be a beautiful future to look forward to. Thus the purpose of his speech is in his quote â€Å"The only thing we have to fear†¦ is fear it’s self. Kennedy on the other hand is not only trying to motivate the American people, but the world as well. The purpose of his speech is do declare a new beginning to point out his friends and foes. He offers a chance to all enemies to start anew in search of peace. The chances for nations to join together and explore the stars, conquer the deserts, eradicate disease, tap the ocean depths, and encourage the arts and commerce. He lets the public understand that what he is asking for will not be accomplished during present time but it will and that it is time to begin the chain of events that will prosper in the future. Not only for the people but also for their children. Though all this he lets the nation comprehend that we must be united in this pursuit and fight for what the country believes, â€Å"Ask not what your country can do for you†¦ ask what you can do for your country.† To finish up, both presidential inaugural speeches have their differences but they both get the similar message across: inspiration. Without speeches such as these the American people would just give up and die or our democratic government might have crumbled to the ground. Lucky for us both inaugural speeches couldn’t have come at better times in history. Each one in their times, with the changes in audience and there incredible purpose to change hopelessness into hope. Thus the contrast of Franklin D. Roosevelt and John F. Kennedy’s inaugural speeches, is of great importance and will be for generations to come.

Chapter 4 Study Terms Essays

Chapter 4 Study Terms Essays Chapter 4 Study Terms Essays Chapter 4 Study Terms George Washington’s presidency: Development of political parties Federalists: Hamilton Favored strong nat’l gov’t Democracy dangerous b/c ppl’s judgement constantly changing Manufacture/trade :) Supported by artisans, merchants, manufacturers, bankers, urban workers, E. farmers NE support federalists Democratic-Republicans: TJ Agrarianism: strength of US was independent farmers Owning land allowed ppl to be independent, as long as had land, would fight to preserve Republic Feared emphasis on commerce would divided society between rich&poor Feared wealthy corrupt gov’t, threat right of ordinary ppl S&W support republicans Bill of Rights Hamilton’s Economic Plan â€Å"Necessary and proper† clause: elastic clause, make laws if needed to make gov’t stronger/efficient Judiciary Act of 1789: established 13 district courts, 3 courts of appeal, and the Supreme Court Washington’s Neutrality Proclamation: Neutrality of US during war of Br./Fr. Tariff of 1789: required importers to pay a percentage of the value of their cargo when landed in US, shippers also paid tonnage (tax based on how much ships carried) Bank of the United States Hamilton asks Congress to create national bank Argued gov’t need bank to manage debts/interest payments, would also issue paper money/bank notes to provide national currency to help economy S ppl opposed b/c N ppl own most of bank’s stock, Madison, TJ, Randolph opp. b/c creating bank not in enumerated powers Ham. Disagreed, using elastic clause (ability to make laws which r necessary/proper) Congress passed bill,Wash. Signed, Bank created 1791 Whiskey Rebellion: 1791 Congress imposed tax on whiskeyïÆ'   enraged farmers who distilled grains in whiskey before shippingïÆ'   Whiskey rebellion in W. Penn. 1794, farmers terrorized tax collectors, robbed mail, stopped court proceedingsïÆ'   Wash. Sent troops to stop, rebels disperse, ppl worried willingness to use troops against civilians Jay’s Treaty: Br. need US trade, vice versa, signed treaty, but Br. had right to seize cargo bound for Fr ports, didn’t get compensation for goods seized Br. agreed to internat’l arbitration (hearing by neut. 3rd countries), give up forts on amer terr., granted US most-favored nation status (amer no longer discriminated when trade w/ br., allowed limited trade w/ Br. colonies in Caribbean) When treaty sent to senate, terms shock senate, tried to keep secret, ratified, terms leaked to public, repub attack treaty, accuse fed of pro-br., GW approved treaty Pinckney’s Treaty: Jay treaty help concessions from Sp., 1795 sp. Join fr. Against br., sp. Fear treaty would make amer & br. join to seize Sp. N amer holdings, sp offered to negotiate issues w/ US GW sends Thomas Pinckney 1795: Sp. Sign Pinckney’s treaty (Treaty of San Lorenzo) Grant us right to navigate Miss., deposit goods at new orl. Port, accepted broadly, esp. W. farmers, wanted Miss. to get crops to market Treaty of Greenville: Ppl go to NW territoryïÆ'  Miami chief Little Turtle unites other Indians to defend against whitesïÆ'  defeated Josiah Harmar & Arthur St. ClairïÆ'  GW sends Anthony Wayne to stopïÆ'   1794 wayne against Blue Jacket at Battle of Fallen Timbers, wayne winsïÆ'   natives sign treaty of Greenville (1795):give up part of S. Ohio & Indiana for yearly payment of $10 th. From gov’t, also gave up other landïÆ'   settlers increase John Adams’s presidency Impressment Br. take US sailors to sail on Br. ships Quasi-War: After XYZ affair, US :(, call for war w/ Fr.ïÆ'   June 1798, Congress suspend trade w/ Fr., direct navy to capture Fr. shipsïÆ'   undeclared sea war/Quasi-WarïÆ'   Fr. propose new negotiationsïÆ'   both signed Convention of 1800ïÆ'  US gave up claims against Fr. for US ship damage, Fr. release US from Treaty of 1778 Alien and Sedition Acts: Feds pushed for 4 lawsïÆ'   1st 3 aimed at aliens, recent immigrants often anti-Br., tended to vote for republicans 1st law: changed yrs to wait to become citizen 5ïÆ'  14 2nd

Poseidon Essays - Mythology, Greek Mythology, Fiction, Poseidon

Poseidon Essays - Mythology, Greek Mythology, Fiction, Poseidon Poseidon Poseidon, according to Greek mythology was the god of the sea, earthquakes, and horses. He also held his own appointed position among the great gods on Olympus. Although he was officially one of the supreme gods of Mount Olympus, he spent most of his time in his watery domain. He was master not only of the sea but also of the lakes and rivers. In a sense the earth belonged to him, since his waters sustained it and he could shake it at will. He was the son of the Titans Cronus and Rhea, and the brother of Zeus and Hades. Poseidon was the husband of Amphitrite, who was one of the Nereids. They had son who they named Triton. Poseidon also had numerous other lo ve affairs especially with nyps of spring and fountains. He was the father of several children famed for their cruelty and wildness, among them the giant Orion and the Cyclops Polyphumy Poseidon and the Gorgon Medusa were the parents of the famous winged horse, Pegasus. Poseidon was a national god of the Ionians of the Peloponnese, who brought him with them when they immigrated from Asia, and was particularly worshipped in this part of Greece. In Spart a he was even called Genethlios meaning the creator. His worship was spread throughout Greece, especially in maritime towns. The horse, the symbol of gushing springs, and the bull were sacred animals to Poseidon. In classical artwork, Poseidon very much resembles Zeus. He has a similar majesty with his bare chest, grasping his trident. He also has a long beard and is usually pictured with a dolphin at his side. Poseidon had a prominent part in numerous ancient myths and legend s. When Zeus fought the Titans a nd the Giants, Poseidon fought at his side and the giant Polybutes by hurling at him a fragment of cliff torn from the island of Cos, which became the islet of Nisyros. After the victory the heritage was divided into three parts, Zeus took the vast heavens, Hades took the murky u nderworld. Also , A famous story of Poseidon involves the competition between him and the goddess of war, Athena, for the city of Athens. To win the people of the city over, Poseidon threw a spear at the ground and produced the Spring at the Acropolis. However, Athena won as the result of giving the people of Athens the olive tree. In his anger over the decision, Poseidon flooded the Attic Plain. Eventually, Athena and Poseidon worked together by combining their powers.

Leonardo da Vinci Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Leonardo da Vinci - Research Paper Example This research paper examines Leonardo da Vinci's life. He was born on April 15th, 1452 to Piero da Vinci, a notary, and Caterina, a peasant woman, at the hill town of Vinci, Italy. Even though not much is known about his early life, this has been the topic of historical conjecture In his numerous notebooks, Leonardo struggled with differentiating between the perception and painting of a scene which he summarized as the difference between monocular and binocular vision. Leonardo da Vinci could not create on canvas, in Ames’ terminology, an equivalent of configuration. He may have had little knowledge of ocular anatomy but his use of optics to the eye is spectacular. In addition, Leonardo possessed observational skills that had no match and his ability to generate virtual reality on canvas was without equal. Leonardo da Vinci (1721) noted that even though a painting may be carried out with the best art and finished perfectly, with consideration of its lights, contours, colors, s hadows, it can never show the relief possessed by a natural object unless these qualities are looked at from a distance with a single eye. In other words, the perception of deepness in a painting is not as complete as that of a natural scene seen with both eyes. He struggled for long with the contrast between binocular and monocular vision. In one of his notebooks, Leonardo wrote down how he had to repeat his experiments several times before coming to a conclusion. The reason he gave for this was that the subjects of study were numerous.

Future Prospects for the Use of Monoclonal Antibodies Research Paper

Future Prospects for the Use of Monoclonal Antibodies - Research Paper Example Later, Behring suggested that active immunity could be produced in humans by a combination of diphtheria toxin and antitoxin serum (Llewelyn, Hawkins, Russell, 1992). However, it was Paul Ehrlich whose work made it possible to produce antiserum to diphtheria toxin on a mass scale. The side chain theory of toxicity was proposed by Ehrlich, according to which, â€Å"toxins mediated their effects on cells through preformed protein side chains and immunity arose because of overproduction of these side chains† (Llewelyn, Hawkins, Russell, 1992.) Cà ©sar Milstein and Georges Kà ¶hler, in 1975, managed to produce in vitro "custom-built" antibodies. They produced a hybridoma by fusing rodent antibody-producing cells with tumor cells from mice bone marrow. A hybridoma, provided with the correct nutrients, can grow indefinitely and divide to produce monoclonal antibodies (antibodies of a single type), on a large scale (Saldanha, 2000.) Five classes of immunoglobulin (Ig) are found in mammals: IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM. In some select mammals, IgG and IgA are further subdivided into subclasses (isotypes) due to polymorphisms in the heavy chain (Lipman et al, 2005). The prototype antibody is IgG, which is a glycoprotein having a molecular weight of 150000 Dalton. The molecule has a Y shaped structure, consisting of two identical heavy chain-light chain heterodimers, that is linked together by a disulfide bridge. While the heavy chain comprises three constant immunoglobulins (Ig) domains and one variable (V) domain, the light chains consist of a single constant Ig domain and a single variable domain. The host defense mechanism is initiated by the antigen binding site (Fab) and the Fc region (fragment crystallizable) site (Llewelyn, Hawkins, Russell, 1992.) In order to effectively bind a wide range of antigens, there are numerous mechanisms which come into play.